Glossary

Feedback is considered to be an inseparable part of teaching / learning and assessment processes. Feedback can be provided in different ways and different modes. Learning technologies can significantly contribute to feedback provisions and the collection process. In fact, The concept refers to a source of information that can be used for the purposes of improvement of learning / teaching and assessment (Wisniewski, et al., 2020). Feedback can be provided by any stakeholders involved (e.g., teachers, students, academic staff, etc.).

The concept of feedback agent refers to any entity (human or digital) that estimates and monitors what is happening in terms of learning. Agents can be teachers, peers, software, etc. (Wisniewski, et al., 2020).

The concept of feedback loop refers to a process when students submit their assignments for evaluation, then they receive feedback, after that they adjust their assignment accordingly, in such a way improving their learning. A key challenge for feedback practice involves promoting student uptake through the closing of feedback loops (Carless, 2018). Single-loop learning tackles an identified problem or task, whereas double-loop learning additionally re-evaluates how the problem or task is approached. 

It is an assessment strategy which combines a number of different assessment methods to collect evidence on student day-to-day learning activities and to inform teaching and learning. The most prevailing feature of formative assessment is feedback provision (Bennett, 2011).