Glossary

Self-regulated learning is an important conceptual framework that includes several aspects of learning: cognitive, metacognitive, behavioural, motivational, and emotional (Panadero, 2017). Zimmerman (2000) developed a SRL cyclical phases model organised in three phases: (1) forethought, (2) performance and (3) self-reflection. In the first phase, students set their goals, activate learning strategies, and try to accomplish their objectives; in the performance phase, they execute the task, monitor their progress, and use strategies to keep engagement and motivation. Finally, in the self-reflection phase, students evaluate their performance, which will affect their later performance positively or negatively. (Zimmerman & Moylen, 2009; Panadero, 2017).

Discipline-specific knowledge and higher-order thinking skills, motivation, sense of belonging and well-being, improved relationships through peer learning and collaboration.

According to Rourke et al. (2001, p. 51), “social presence is the ability of learners to project their personal characteristics into the community of inquiry, thereby presenting themselves as “real people”.      

Self-regulated learning